Voice Change

11:29 PM    



Voice Change (Active to Passive)

Posted By:
Mostafa Kamal
Researcher of DCPL & BDTP / Ph.D (Study)
Affiliated Ph.D Researcher of IOUT & Academic Associate of
Shikshakendra, Hati More, Subash Pally, Siliguri, W.B. INDIA
Contact : +88-01911 450 131; E-mail:aboutdynamic@gmail.com
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Voice হচ্ছে ক্রিয়ার প্রকাশভঙ্গি যার মাধ্যমে বোঝা যায় যে কোন বাক্যের subject কাজটি করছে/করেছে/করবে নাকি কাজটি subject দ্বারা করা হচ্ছে/হয়েছে/হবে।
Voice is the way of expressing verbs which describes whether the subject does the work or it has been done by the subject.

Types of Voice:

Voice দুই প্রকারঃ

Active voice:

যে sentence-এ ‍ subject নিজে সক্রিয়ভাবে কাজটি করে সেই sentence-এ verb-এর active voice হয়।
The sentence in which the subject does the work by himself actively in that sentence the verb has an active voice.
Sentence Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object
Example:
  • I write articles.

Passive voice:

যে sentence-এ ‍ subject নিজে সক্রিয়ভাবে কাজটি করে না বরং object-এর কাজটি তার দ্বারা করা হয় সেই sentence-এ verb-এর passive voice হয়।
The sentence in which the subject does not do the work by himself actively rather the object’s work is done by the subject in that sentence the verb has passive voice.
Sentence Structure:
Object + be verb+ verb’s past participle + by+ subject
Example:
  • Articles are written by me.

Voice-কে active থেকে passive করার নিয়মগুলো নিচে বর্ণিত হল:

Rule 1:

a. Active voice-এর subject passive voice-এর object-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
Active voice’s subject is changed to passive voice’s object.
b. Active voice-এর object passive voice-এর subject-এ রূপান্তরিত হয়।
Active voice’s object is changed to passive voice’s subject.
c. মূল verb-এর past participle ব্যবহৃত হয় এবং auxiliary verb/ be verb নির্বাচন করা হয় subject এবং tense অনুযায়ী ।
Main verb’s past participle is used, and auxiliary verb/ be verb is chosen according to subject and tense.
Example:
  • I write poems. (Active)
  • Poems are written by me. (Passive)

Rule 2:

⇒ Indefinite tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
a. Present- Object’s subject+ am/is/are+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
  • She praises me. (Active)
  • I am praised by her. (Passive)
  • I praise her. (Active)
  • She is praised by me. (Passive)
b. Past- Object’s subject+ was/were+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
  • She praised me. (Active)
  • I was praised by her. (Passive)
  • She praised them. (Active)
  • They were praised by her. (Passive)
c. Future- Object’s subject+ shall be/will be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
  • She will praise me. (Active)
  • I shall be praised by her. (Passive)
  • She will praise him. (Active)
  • He will be praised by her. (Passive)
⇒ Continuous tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
a. Present- Object’s subject+ am being/is being/are being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
  • She is praising me. (Active)
  • I am being praised by her. (Passive)
  • She is praising him. (Active)
  • He is being praised by her. (Passive)
  • She is praising them. (Active)
  • They are being praised by her. (Passive)
b. Past- Object’s subject+ was being/ were being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
  • She was praising me. (Active)
  • I was being praised by her. (Passive)
  • She was praising them. (Active)
  • They were being praised by her. (Passive)
c. Future- Object’s subject+ shall be being/will be being+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
  • She will be praising me. (Active)
  • I shall be being praised by her. (Passive)
  • She will be praising them. (Active)
  • They will be being praised by her. (Passive)
⇒ Perfect tense-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
a. Present- Object’s subject+ has been/ have been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
  • She has praised him. (Active)
  • He has been praised by her. (Passive)
  • She has praised me. (Active)
  • I have been praised by her. (Passive)
b. Past- Object’s subject+ had been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
  • She had praised me. (Active)
  • I had been praised by her. (Passive)
c. Future- Object’s subject+ shall have been/ will have been+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
  • She will have praised me. (Active)
  1. I shall have been praised by her. (Passive)
  • She will have praised him. (Active)
  • He will have been praised by her. (Passive)

Rule 3:

May/might/can/could/must/ought to/going to-যুক্ত Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
Object’s subject+ may/might/can/could/ must/ought to/going to+ be+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object
Example:
  • You must write the poem. (Active)
  • The poem must be written by you. (Passive)
  • She may help you. (Active)
  • You may be helped by her. (Passive)
  • We ought to obey our parents. (Active)
  • Our parents ought to be obeyed by us. (Passive)
  • We are going to organize a party. (Active)
  • A party is going to be organized by us. (Passive)

Rule 4:

Imperative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
a. Main verb দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Let+ Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle
Example:
  • Write the article. (Active)
  • Let the article be written. (Passive)
  • Prepare the assignment. (Active)
  • Let the assignment be prepared. (Passive)
b. “Do not” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Let not + Object’s subject + be+ verb’s past participle
Example:
  • Do not write the article. (Active)
  • Let not the article be written. (Passive)
  • Do not prepare the assignment. (Active)
  • Let not the assignment be prepared. (Passive)
c. Sentence “Let” দিয়ে শুরু হলে এবং এর পর personal object যেমন: me/us/him/her/you/them থাকলে-
Let+ Object’s subject + be + verb’s past participle+ personal object
Example:
  • Let me write the article. (Active)
  • Let the article be written by me. (Passive)
  • Let him write the letter. (Active)
  • Let the letter be written by him. (Passive)
d. “Never” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Let not + Object’s subject + ever be + verb’s past participle
Example:
  • Never deceive anyone. (Active)
  • Let not anyone ever be deceived. (Passive)
  • Never go there. (Active)
  • Let not there ever be gone. (Passive)
e. Sentence main verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে এবং এর পর personal object যেমন: me/us/him/her/you/them থাকলে-
Let+ direct object + be+ verb’s past participle + for + personal object
Example:
  • Give me a pencil. (Active)
  • Let a pencil be given for me. (Passive)
  • Give me an eraser. (Active)
  • Let an eraser be given for me. (Passive)

Rule 5:

Interrogative Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে passive voice-এর structure:
a. Interrogative Sentence-কে Assertive Sentence-এ রূপান্তরিত করা হয়+ পরিবর্তিত Assertive sentence-কে passive form-এ নেয়া হয়+ পরিবর্তিত passive voice-এর auxiliary verb-কে sentence-এর শুরুতে বসান হয়+ Object-এর subject+ ……..+ by+ Subject-এর object+ প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন (Tense অনুসারে করা হয়)।
Interrogative Sentence is changed to Assertive Sentence+ Changed Assertive sentence is taken to passive form+ Changed passive voice’s auxiliary verb is put at the starting of sentence+ Object’s subject+…. ……..+ by+ subject’s object+ note of interrogation (Done according to Tense)
Example:
  • Have you written the article? (Active)
  • You have written the article. (Assertive)
  • The article has been written by you. (Passive of Assertive)
  • Has the article been written by you? (Passive of the main sentence)
  • Are you writing the article? (Active)
  • You are writing the article. (Assertive)
  • The article is being written by you. (Passive of Assertive)
  • Is the article being written by you? (Passive of the main sentence)
b. “Who” দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Who-এর পরিবর্তে By whom+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ object-এর      subject+ কোন কোনসময় tense অনুযায়ী “be/being/been” ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Verb-এর past participle+?
By whom instead of a who+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ object’s subject+ sometimes “be/being/been” is used according to tense+ Verb’s past participle+?
    Example:
  • Who is writing the poem? (Active)
  • By whom is the poem being written? (Passive)
c. “Whom”- দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
Whom এর পরিবর্তে Who+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ subject-এর object+?
Who instead of a whom+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+?
Example:
  • Whom did you recommend? (Active)
  • Who was recommended by you? (Passive)
d. “What”- দিয়ে শুরু হওয়া Sentence-এর ক্ষেত্রে-
What+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ subject-এর object+? (Tense অনুসারে করা হয়) ।
What+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ subject’s object+? (Done according to Tense)
Example:
  • What is he doing? (Active)
  • What is being done by him? (Passive)
  • What does he need? (Active)
  • What is needed by him? (Passive)

Rule 6:

Active sentence যার নিম্নরূপ কাঠামো:
Subject + verb + object +present participle-একে নিম্নরূপে passive করা হয়:
Object-এর subject+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle+ present participle-যুক্ত অংশ+ by + subject-এর object।
The active sentence having structure like this-
Subject + verb + object +present participle is changed into passive in the following way: Object’s subject+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ the part having present participle+ by + subject’s object.
Example:
  • I saw him performing the dance. (Active)
  • He was seen performing the dance by me. (Passive)

Rule 7:

Active voice-এর double object থাকলে Passive voice-এর কাঠামো:
দুটি object-এর যেকোনটি subject হিসেবে নেয়া হয় (ব্যক্তিবাচক object-টি পরিবর্তন করা ভাল) +Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb +Verb-এর past participle+ অন্য object+ by+ active voice-এর subject-টি object হিসেবে লেখা হয়।
Passive voice’s structure in case of Active voice having double object-
Anyone of the two object is taken as the subject (Changing the personal object is better) + Verb’s past participle+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ the other object+ by+ active voice’s subject is written as the object.
Example:
  • I gave her a dress. (Active)
  • She was given a dress by me. (Passive)

Rule 8:

Complex এবং compound sentence-যুক্ত Active voice-কে passive-এ পরিণত করার সময় উভয় clause-এর voice পরিবর্তন করা হয়।
In case of transforming active voice with the complex and compound sentence, into passive, the voices of both clauses are changed.
Example:
  • I know that he sang the song. (Active)
  • It is known to me that the song was sung by him. (Passive)
Note:
Active voice যদি “People say” দিয়ে শুরু হয়, তবে একে passive করতে হলে, এর শুরুতে “It is said that” ব্যবহৃত হয়।
If the active voice is started with “People say” while transforming it into passive “It is said that” is used in the beginning.
Example:
  • People say that Dhaka is the city of mosques. (Active)
  • It is said that Dhaka is the city of mosques. (Passive)

Rule 9:

সাধারণত: intransitive verb-এর passive voice হয় না। কিন্তু যদি intransitive verb-এর পরে preposition যুক্ত হয়ে একটি group verb তৈরী করে এবং এটি intransitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে passive রূপের structure হবে-
Object হবে subject+ Tense অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle+ প্রদত্ত preposition+ by+ subject-এর object।
Generally, the intransitive verb doesn’t have any passive voice. But if preposition is added after the intransitive verb it creates a group verb, and it is used as an intransitive verb then the structure of the passive form will be-
Object will be subject+ Auxiliary verb according to Tense+ Verb’s past participle+ given preposition+ by+ subject’s object.
Example:
  • The boy took care of the parrots. (Active)
  • The parrots were taken care of by the boy. (Passive)

Rule 10:

Active voice-এ Reflexive objective যেমন: myself, yourself, himself, herself, yourselves, ourselves, themselves, প্রভৃতি থাকলে Passive-এর কাঠামো-
Active voice-এর একই subject passive form-এ ও+ Tense এবং person-অনুসারে Auxiliary verb + Verb-এর past participle+ by+ reflexive object।
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having Reflexive objective like myself, yourself, himself, herself, yourselves, ourselves, themselves, etc.-
Same subject of the active voice in passive form + Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ the reflexive object.
Example:
  • He mocked himself. (Active)
  • He was mocked by himself. (Passive)

Rule 11:  

Factitive object/ Complementary object-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো-
দ্রষ্টব্য: যদি কোন বাক্যে transitive verb যেমন: call, make, name, nominate, elect, select, প্রভৃতি থাকে কিন্তু একটি পূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে একটি অতিরিক্ত object ব্যবহৃত হয়, তবে এই অতিরিক্ত objectটিকে Factitive object/ Complementary object বলে।
Him, her, me, us, you, them, প্রভৃতিকে active রূপে নেয়া হয় এবং subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Tense and person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ factitive object+ by+ subject-এর object.
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having Factitive object/ Complementary object-
Note: If a sentence has a transitive verb like call, make, name, nominate, elect, select, etc. but still can’t express a full meaning and an extra object is used to have the full meaning. This extra object is called Factitive object/ Complementary object.
Him, her, me, us, you, them etc. are taken to active form and used as subject+ Auxiliary verb according to tense and person+ Verb’s past participle+ factitive object+ by+ subject’s object.
Example:
  • They made me a moderator. (Active)
  • I was made a moderator by them. (Passive)

Rule 12:  

Cognate object-যুক্ত active voice-এর Passive কাঠামো-
Cognate object: কিছু intransitive verb কিছু সাহায্যকারী object ব্যবহার করে transitive verb-এর মত আচরণ করে। এই সাহায্যকারী object-গুলোকে Cognate object বলে।
Object-টি ‍subject হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়+ Tense অনুসারে Auxiliary verb+ Verb-এর past participle+ by+ Subject-এর object.
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having cognate object-
Cognate object: Some intransitive verbs use some supporting object and act as a transitive verb. These supporting objects are called as a Cognate object.
The object is used as subject+ Auxiliary verb according to tense+ Verb’s past participle+ by+ Subject’s object.
Example:
  • He wrote a poem. (Active)
  • A poem was written by him. (Passive)

Rule 13:

Infinitive-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো-
Active voice-এর subject+ tense এবং person অনুযায়ী মূল verb+ infinitive-এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) + to be + infinitive-এর পরের verb-এর past participle
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having infinitive-
Active voice’s subject+ main verb according to tense and person + object situated after infinitive (if there is) + to be + past participle of the verb after infinitive.
Example:
  • He wants you to give a speech. (Active)
  • He wants a speech to be given. (Passive)

Rule 14:

Gerund combinations যেমন: suggest/recommend/advise/propose+ gerund+ object-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো-
Active voice-এর subject+ মূল verb+ that+ gerund-এর পরের object+ should be+ gerund-কে verb-এ পরিণত করে তার past participle.
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having gerund combinations, i.e., suggest/recommend/advise/propose+ gerund+ object-
Given active voice’s subject+ main verb+ that+ the object after the gerund+ should be+ the gerund is converted into a verb and its past participle.
Example:
  • He proposed watching the movie. (Active)
  • He proposed that the movie should be watched. (Passive)

Rule 15:

Determine/arrange/be determined/demand/decide/ be anxious, etc.+ infinitive + object-যুক্ত active voice-এর passive কাঠামো:
Active voice-এর subject+ মূল verb+ that+ infinitive -এর পরের object+ should be+ infinitive-কে verb-এ পরিণত করে তার past participle.
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having determine/arrange/be determined/demand/decide/ be anxious, etc.+ infinitive + object-
Given active voice’s subject+ main verb+ that+ the object after the infinitive+ should be+ the infinitive is converted into a verb and its past participle.
Example:
  • He decided to prepare the proposal. (Active)
  • He decided that the proposal should be prepared. (Passive)

Rule 16:

One+ should-যুক্ত active voice-এর Passive কাঠামো-
Object-এর subject+ should be+ Verb-এর past participle.  
Passive voice’s structure in case of active voice having One+ should-
Object’s subject+ should be+ Verb’s past participle.  
Example:
  • One should perform one’s prayers. (Active)
  • Prayers should be performed. (Passive)
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++


Voice


Voice is the form of the verb which indicates whether the subject does the work or something has been done to it.
ক্রিয়া প্রকাশের ভঙ্গিমাকেই voice বা বাচ্য বলে। ক্রিয়ার প্রকাশভঙ্গি বলে দেয় কর্তা কাজটি নিজে করছেন, না কর্তার দ্বারা কোন কাজ সম্পন্ন হচ্ছে।
অথবা
Voice হলো verb এর গঠন যার দ্বারা subject নিজে কিছু করে বা অন্যের কাজ তার ওপর এসে পড়ে।

Types of voice:

There are two types of voice:
  • Active voice.
  • Passive voice.

Active voice:

যে sentence এ subject নিজে সক্রিয় বা active হয়ে কাজ সম্পন্ন করে সে sentence এ verb এর Active voice হয়।
Structure:
Subject + verb + object.
Example: I do the work.

Passive voice:

যে sentence এ subject নিজে কাজটি করে না বরং object এর কাজটি তার ওপর এসে পড়ে তখন সে sentence এ verb এর passive voice হয়।
Structure:
Object + be verb + verb এর past participle+ by+ subject.
Example: The work is done by me.

Active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম:

Rule 1:
a) Active voice এর subject টি passive voice এর object হয়ে যায়।
b) Active voice এর object টি passive voice এর subject এ রুপান্তর হয়।
c) মূল verb এর past participle হয় এবং subject ও tense অনুসারে auxiliary verb/be verb হয়।

Rule 2:
Indefinite tense:
a) Present indefinite – am, is, are.
b) Past indefinite – was, were.
c) Future indefinite – shall be, will be.
Continuous tense:
a) Present Continuous- am being, is being, are being.
b) Past Continuous – was being, were being
c) Future Continuous - shall be being, will be being.
Perfect tense:
a) Present Perfect – has been, have been.
b) Past Perfect- had been.
c) Future Perfect- shall have been, will have been.
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Rules of changing voice : Page 1


Rule 3:
a) Present indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + am/is/are + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Active – I play football.
Passive- Football is played by me.
Active- They eat rice.
Passive- Rice is eaten by them.

b) Present continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + am being/is being/are being + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Active: I am playing football.
Passive: football is being played by me.
Active: He is eating rice.
Passive: Rice is being eaten by him.

c) Present perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + have been/ has been + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Active: He has eaten rice.
Passive: Rice has been eaten by him.
Active: I have played football.
Passive: Football has been played by me.

d) Past indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + was/were + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object
Active: I ate rice.
Passive: Rice was eaten by me.
Active: They played football.
Passive: Football were played by them.

e) Past continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + was being/were being + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Active: I was eating rice.
Passive: Rice was being eaten by me.
Active: They were catching fishes.
Passive: Fishes were being caught by them.

f) Past perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + had been + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Active: I had eaten rice.
Passive: Rice had been eaten by me.
Active: We had dug the cannel.
Passive: The cannel had been dug by us.

g) Future indefinite tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Object এর subject + shall be/will be + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Active: I will eat rice.
Passive: Rice will be eaten by me.
Active: They will play football.
Passive: Football will be played by them.

h) Future continuous tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + shall be being/will be being + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Active: I will be eating rice.
Passive: Rice will be being eaten by me.
Active: They will be playing football.
Passive: Football will be being

i) Future perfect tense যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + shall have been /will have been + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Active: I will have eaten rice.
Passive: Rice will have been eaten by me.
Active: They will have caught the fish.
Passive: The fish will have been caught by them.

Rule 4:
May, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + may, might, can, could, must, ought to, going to এর পরে be + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object.
Active: I may help you.
Passive: You may be helped by me.
Active: You must do the work.
Passive: The work must be done by you.
Active: We ought to obey our teachers.
Passive: Our teachers ought to be obeyed by us.
Active: We are going to open a shop.
Passive: A shop is going to be opened by us.
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Rules of changing voice : Page 2


Rule 5:
Imperative sentence এর active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
A) শুধু মাত্র মূল verb দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Let + object এর subject + be + verb এর past participle form
Active: Close the door.
Passive: Let the door be closed.
Active: Shut the window.
Passive: Let the window be shut.

B) Do not দিয়ে শুরু যুক্ত যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Let not + object এর subject + be + verb এর past participle form
Active: Do not close the door.
Passive: Let not the door be closed.
Active: Do not shut the window.
Passive: Let not the window be shut.

C) Let এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her)থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Let + object এর subject + be + verb এর past participle form + by + ব্যক্তিবাচক object.
Active: Let me play football.
Passive: Let the football be played by me.
Active: Let us sing a song.
Passive: let a song be sung by us.
Active: let him give the chance.
Passive: let the chance be given by him.

D) Never যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Let not + object এর subject + ever be + verb এর past participle form
Active: Never tell a lie.
Passive: Let not a lie ever be told.
Active: Never do this.
Passive: Let not this ever be done.

E) মূল verb এর পর যদি কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক object (me, us, you, them, him, her) থাকে এবং তা যদি Imperative sentence হয়, তাহলে active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure: Let + direct object টি বসবে (মূল verb এর পর যে object টি থাকে + be + verb এর past participle form + for + ব্যক্তিবাচক object
Active: Buy me a shirt.
Passive: Let a shirt be bought for me.
Active: Give me a glass of water.
Passive: Let a glass of water be given for me.

INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE

Rule 6:
Interrogative sentence যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
A) Structure:
Interrogative sentence কে Assertive sentence এ রুপান্তর করে নিতে হবে + রুপান্তরিত Assertive sentence এর active voice থেকে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করতে হবে + এবার রুপান্তরিত passive voice এর auxiliary verb টিকে প্রথমে বসাতে হবে + শেষে প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন বসে। **** Tense অনুসারে করতে হবে।
Example 1:
Active: Have you eaten rice?
Assertive: You have eaten rice.
Assertive এর passive: Rice has been eaten by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Has rice been eaten by you?
Example 2:
Active: Is he reading a book?
Assertive: He is reading a book.
Assertive এর passive: A book is being read by him.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Is a book being read by him?
Example 3:
Active: Did you play football?
Assertive: You played football.
Assertive এর passive: Football was played by you.
Passive এ রুপান্তর: Was football played by you?

B) Who যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Who এর পরিবর্তে By whom + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + object এর subject + অনেক সময় tense অনুযায়ী কর্তার পরে be/ being/ been বসাতে হয় + verb এর past participle form + ?.
Active: Who is playing football?
Passive: BY whom is football being played?
Active: Who will help me?
Passive: By whom will I be helped?

C) Whom যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Whom এর পরিবর্তে who + tense ও person অনুযায়ী
Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object +?
Active: Whom did you see on the road?
Passive: Who was seen by you on the road?
Active: Whom has he murdered in this home?
Passive: Who is murdered by him in this home?

D) What যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
What + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + by + subject এর object +?
Active: What do you want?
Passive: What is wanted by you?
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Rules of changing voice : Page 3


Rule 7:
Subject + verb + object + present participle যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + present participle যুক্ত অংশটি + by + subject এর object.
Active: I saw him playing cricket.
Passive: He was seen playing cricket by me.
Active: I took him for a friend.
Passive: He was taken for a friend by me.

Rule 8:
Double object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
দুইটা object এর যে কোন একটি subject করতে হয় (personal object কে subject এ রুপান্তর করলে ভাল) + verb এর past participle form + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + প্রদত্ত বাকি object টি বসে + by + active voice এর subject টি object রুপে হয়।
Active: I gave him a flower. Passive: He was given a flower by me. Active: He teaches us math. Passive: we are taught English by him.

Rule 9:
Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Complex and compound sentence যুক্ত active voice এ রূপান্তরের সময় উভয় clause এর voice পরিবর্তন হয়।
Active: I know that he did the work.
Passive: It is known to me that the work was done by him.
Active: He told me that he had done the work.
Passive: I was told that the work had been done by him.
Note: Active voice “people say” দিয়ে শুরু হলে It is said দিয়ে passive voice করাই ভাল।
Active: People say that the lion is the king of forest.
Passive: It is said that the lion is the king of forest.

Rule 10:
Intransitive verb যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
সাধারনত Intransitive verb এর passive voice হয় না। তবে Intransitive verb এর পরে preposition যুক্ত হয়ে যদি group verb গঠন করে এবং তা Intransitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয় তাহলে –
Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + প্রদত্ত preposition + by + subject টির object।
Active: The truck run over the boy.
Passive: The boy was run over by the truck.
Active: They looked at the poor man.
Passive: The poor man was looked at by them.

Rule 11:
Reflexive object (myself, ourselves, yourselves, yourself, themselves, himself, herself) যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Active voice subject টি অপরিবর্তিত অবস্থায় passive voice এর subject হিসেবে হবে + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + by + Reflexive object বসবে।
Active: He hanged himself.
Passive: He was hanged by himself.
Active: You killed yourself.
Passive: You were killed by yourself.

Rule 12:
Factitive object/Complementary object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Factitive object/Complementary object( select, elect, nominate, make, call, name ইত্যাদি transitive verb থাকা সত্ত্বেও সম্পূর্ণ রুপে অর্থ প্রকাশ করতে পারে না। পরিপূর্ণ অর্থ প্রকাশ করার জন্য অতিরিক্ত object আনতে হয়। এইরুপ অতিরিক্ত object কে Factitive object/Complementary object বলে।
Structure:
নামবাচক object টির (me, us, you, them, him, her) object টি subject হয়। + tense ও person অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + Factitive object + by + subject এর object।
Active: They made me captain.
Passive: I was made captain by them.
Active: We call him liar.
Passive: He is called liar by us.

Rule 13:
Cognate object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Cognate object এর সংজ্ঞা – কিছু intransitive verb তাদের সমর্থক object নিয়ে transitive verb হিসেবে ব্যবহৃত হয়। এ ধরনের object কে Cognate object বলে।
Structure: Object টি subject + tense অনুযায়ী Auxiliary verb + verb এর past participle form + by + subject টির object।
Active: He caught a fish.
Passive: A fish was caught by him.
Active: You ran a race.
Passive: A race was run by you.

Rule 14:
Infinitive যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + infinitive এর পরের object (যদি থাকে) + to be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle form.
Active: He wants someone to take camera.
Passive: He wants camera to be taken.
Active: He wants you to write a letter.
Passive: He wants a letter to be taken.

Rule 15:
Gerund combinations অর্থাৎ advise/ propose/ recommend/ suggest + gerund + object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + gerund এর পরের object টি + should be + প্রদত্ত gerund টি verb এ রূপান্তরিত হয়ে verb এর past participle form বসে।
Active: He suggested giving up smoking.
Passive: He suggested that smoking should be given up.
Active: He wanted playing football.
Passive: He wanted that football should be played.

Rule 16:
Agree, be anxious, arrange, determine, be determined, decide, demand, + infinitive + object object যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
প্রদত্ত active voice এর subject + মূল verb + that + infinitive এর পরের + object + should be + infinitive এর পরের verb এর past participle form.
Active: He decided to buy the house.
Passive: He decided that the house should be bought.
Active: You agreed to sell the house.
Passive: You agreed that the house should be sold.

Rule 17:
One + should যুক্ত active voice কে passive voice এ রুপান্তর করার নিয়ম-
Structure:
Object এর subject + should be + verb এর past participle form
Active: One should take care of one’s education.
Passive: Education should be taken care of.
Active: One should tell the truth.
Passive: Truth should be told.